We studied the same three subjects — accounts, sociology and law — and then started a waste company. RecyclingBazar was founded in 2017, collecting recyclable material from institutions and businesses and getting it to people who could actually use it. It is unglamorous work, and it teaches you quickly that waste management is not a collection problem. Collection, segregation, logistics, end markets, data, labour and policy all have to hold at once, and a system fails at whichever one of them is weakest.
The work produced the same questions over and over. Why does segregation hold in one ward and collapse in the next? What happens to the income of the people already recovering material when a system is formalised around them? Why do two schemes that look identical on paper produce completely different results a year later?
The three subjects turned out to be the right three, though not in the way a prospectus would have put it. Accounts asks who pays for this once the launch is over. Sociology asks who handles the material and what it costs them socially to do it. Law asks who holds the right to collect, and what happens when the answer changes. A waste system that fails usually fails on one of those three rather than on the machinery.
Those questions have been answered, partially and in particular places, by people who built working systems elsewhere. Almost none of that is written down in a form useful to somebody making a decision in an Indian city, and almost none of it records the failures. Circular Journey is the attempt to go and ask them directly, write down what they say including the parts that did not work, and test the most promising ideas under Indian conditions rather than assuming they transfer.